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تعداد نتایج: 7987501 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...
Clustered count data are commonly modeled using Poisson regression with random effects to account for the correlation induced by clustering. The mixed model allows overdispersion via nature of within-cluster correlation, however, departures from equi-dispersion may also exist due underlying process mechanism. We study cross-sectional COM-Poisson model—a generalized in light dispersion—together ...
abstract: about 60% of total premium of insurance industry is pertained?to life policies in the world; while the life insurance total premium in iran is less than 6% of total premium in insurance industry in 2008 (sigma, no 3/2009). among the reasons that discourage the life insurance industry is the problem of adverse selection. adverse selection theory describes a situation where the inf...
We study the convergence of the false discovery proportion (FDP) of the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure in the Gaussian equi-correlated model, when the correlation ρm converges to zero as the hypothesis number m grows to infinity. By contrast with the standard convergence rate m1/2 holding under independence, this study shows that the FDP converges to the false discovery rate (FDR) at rate {min(m,...
Strangles, the most frequently diagnosed infectious disease of horses worldwide, is caused by Streptococcus equi. Despite its prevalence, the global diversity and mechanisms underlying the evolution of S. equi as a host-restricted pathogen remain poorly understood. Here, we define the global population structure of this important pathogen and reveal a population replacement in the late 19th or ...
Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by intra-erythrocyte protozoa, Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. The present study aimed to detect piroplasm infection in horses in Kurdestan Province, Iran, through molecular and microscopic approaches.n this study, 186 blood samples were randomly collected from horses of five regions of Kurdestan Province. The Tbs-S/Tbs-A primer set was us...
In the context of decision under uncertainty, standard gambles are classically used to elicit a utility function on a set X of consequences. The utility of an element x in X is derived from the probability p for which a gamble giving the best outcome in X with probability p and the worst outcome in X otherwise, is indifferent to getting x for sure. In many situations, uncertainty that can be ob...
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