background: the pathogenesis of many diseases is correlated to irregularity in vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) expression. results from several association studies show that variation in the level of vegf expression is related to polymorphic sequences within the vegf gene. additionally, there are many studies showing that some gene polymorphisms significantly influence the pharmacokin...

Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are an important group of microorganisms responsible for the fermentation dairy products. This study was done to identify the dominant lactic acid bacteria in naturally fermented milks from Messinese goat’s breed. Methods: Eighteen individual raw milk samples collected from Messinese goat’s breed were acidified at pH 5.20 and left to spontaneously ferment...

Two powdery mildew species have been collected from Iran. For the first time, Erysiphe magnifica on Magnolia sp. was identified from Iran based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Erysiphe corylacearum was collected for the second time in the country and reported for the first time from Guilan province. There are some polymorphisms in ITS-rDNA sequences of...

Polymorphisms within the Rh blood group system have been defined by serologic agglutination methods, but have not yet been defined at the DNA level. Two closely related genes associated with the Rh D antigen and with the Rh C/c and E/e antigens have been cloned. We used a Southern analysis incorporating probes to the 5' and 3' regions of the Rh C, E gene and D gene to identify polymorphisms ass...

The Enhancer of split gene complex (E(spl)-C) is one of the more highly annotated gene regions in Drosophila, and the 12 genes within the complex help determine the spacing and patterning of adult bristles. Any E(spl)-C coding, transcribed, or cis-regulatory regions experiencing nonneutral evolution are strong candidates to harbor polymorphisms contributing to naturally occurring variation in b...

In the last decade, human diallelic InDel polymorphisms have become promising genetic markers in forensic identi?cation cases and biogeographic inference of biological samples [1,2]. InDels can be used successfully highly degraded DNA may play an important role as e? ;ective supplement for existing personal identi?cation. also a good choice population studies, parentage testing, missing person ...

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease as a neurodegenerative disorder is the commonest type of dementia. A growing number of genes have been reported as the risk factors, which increase the susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), which its ε4 allele has been reported as a risk factor in late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the main cholesterol carrier in the brain. The main ...

HLA-E is a non-classical I (Ib) gene which has limited polymorphism and low levels of tissue expression. Currently, 11 alleles are described in the literature with only three protein products. In the present study we investigated HLA-E gene variations at exons 2 and 3 and calculated allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies in a sample of 152 individuals who reported themselves as being Afro-d...

PURPOSE The frequencies of apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles and genotypes were examined in 230 Saudi subjects including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG; n=60) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG; n=40) patients as well as 130 control subjects. METHODS The presence of glaucoma in patients was based on clinical examination and/or ophthalmic records. The APOE allele frequency (epsilon2, ep...

results the frequencies of the aa, at, and tt genotypes were 31%, 51%, and 18% in the chronic hbv patient group, and 40%, 45%, and 15% in the healthy control group, respectively. however, a lack of association of the + 874 polymorphism in the ifn-γ gene of those with chronic hbv infection was found. evaluation of hbv association with this polymorphism was significant under the dominant genetic ...