By the early 1980s, a number of distinguished economists had amassed compelling evidence that outward-oriented trade policies were far more likely than protectionism to lead to economic growth. The evidence was contained in two multi-country research projects-one at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), led by Ian Little and others, and the other at the National Bure...

background: evaluating the tuberculosis (tb) status of theeconomic cooperation organization (eco) member countriesrelation to goal 6-c of the third millennium, which includes thattb incidence, prevalence, and death rates should be halved by2015, compared with their level in 1990.methods: in 2009, we have critically reviewed the countries’millennium development goals (mdgs) reports and extracted...

We defined electronic collaboration as consisting of two major activities: electronic information sharing (EIS) and electronic cooperation (ECo). We evaluated the extent of EIS and ECo that suppliers contribute to their development of an information exploitation capability (IEC). This capability enables them to utilize internally both information and knowledge created from electronic collaborat...

The world is now facing difficulties such as climate change, energy consumption and economic crisis and the green growth is commonly used as a solution to overcome that difficulties. To achieve the green growth eco-efficiency is a very important key. Studies on eco-efficiency have been done by others using financial value of product which cannot show the real value of the product. In this study...

There is growing interest in the role and contribution of e-government to the level of corruption and the eco-efficiency in terms of economic prosperity and environmental degradation of nation states. In this paper, we use publicly available archival data to explore the relationships among e-government maturity, corruption, and eco-efficiency (defined in terms of economic prosperity and environ...

Eco-efficiency is oftentimes considered the gold standard for managerial decision making in an environmental context because it seemingly reconciles the efficient use of capital and the efficient use of environmental resources. We challenge this view by disaggregating eco-efficiency to provide an in-depth analysis of corporate eco-efficiency and to identify the drivers of an efficient use of en...

in the initial models of economic growth, economic factors entered in to models but in the following models, non-economic factors entered in to models. many broad studies were done on this subject by the economists, and already considerable results were obtained. subjects such as corruption in the administrative bodies were new variables entering the literature of economic growth at that stage....