/ This paper reviews the state of the environment in Ghana and explores the potential for the use of institutional, legal, and economic instruments in environmental management in the specific context of this developing country.The environmental situation in Ghana is characterized by desertification, land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, and inadequate water supply in the northern regio...

Times of high unemployment always inspire debates on the role of labor market policy and its optimal implementation. This paper uses a dynamic model of search unemployment and bilateral wage bargaining, rich enough to analyze a set of policy instruments with respect to their employment and welfare effects: payroll, output and firing taxes as well as wage, hiring and recruitment subsidies. It is...

Various types of policy instruments have been implemented to reduce local and global emissions, but the impact on innovation of different instruments has received less attention. This paper reviews empirical studies of the innovation impact of four main types of policy instruments in two high-emitting sectors. The conclusions are threefold. (1) Policy plays a key role for the development and di...

Author Disclosure Drs Hellström-Westas, Rosén, and de Vries have been involved in development or testing of the instruments (BrainZ [BrainZ Instruments Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand], Olympic 6000 [Olympic Medical, Seattle, Washington], and Nervus Monitor [Viasys, Nicolet Biomedical, Madison, Wisconsin]) from which records are shown in this article. None has an economic interest in the production ...