Social identity (one's sense of belongingness to a group) and social content (what it means belong are important psychological constructs for cognition behaviour. Whilst some longitudinal research exists, researchers have yet explore the temporal effects in sport. Across competitive season, we therefore explored main interactive two types (results friendships) on cohesion, self team-level effic...

The aim of this paper was to obtain information relevant for efficient selection in karate, based on comparison of biomotor status of male/female 7th and 8th grade students in primary school "Bijaći" from Kastel Novi and karate practitioners and non-practitioners (cadets) in Croatia. For this purpose, a sample was drawn of 352 primary school students (150 males and 152 females) and 50 karate pr...

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death in young athletes on the playing field and typically the result of undiagnosed structural or electrical cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular screening in athletes is routinely practiced and endorsed by most major sporting and medical associations, but universal agreement on a single screening strategy to identify athletes at risk for SC...

The aim of this research is to examine the self-efficacy, competitive anxiety and psychological toughness students by taking into account sportsmanship variable. data used in study were obtained from 200 East Azerbaijan Province Islamic Azad University (100 female athletes, 100 non-athletes) who constituted group on basis volunteerism convenience sampling method. In research, which was conducte...

BACKGROUND Although Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, Cohen, Kamarack & Mermelstein, 1983) has been validated and widely used in many domains, there is still no validation in sports by comparing athletes and non-athletes and examining related psychometric indices. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of PSS between athletes and non-athletes, and examine const...

BACKGROUND The reported prevalence of exercise induced asthma (EIA) in elite winter athletes ranges from 9% to 50%. Many elite winter athletes do not report symptoms of EIA. At present there is no gold standard test for EIA. OBJECTIVE To establish the efficacy of screening for EIA and examine the role of the eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) challenge and laboratory based and sport sp...