pain has been dominated by an outdated conceptualization of pain.1 Pain is viewed as the end-product of a passive transmission system that faithfully transmits a peripheral signal to the spinal cord and on up to a pain centre in the brain. This view has led to an approach of managing postoperative pain that does not provide adequate control of pain, in part, because it focuses on treating the p...

Valganciclovir is equally efficacious in preventing CMV disease when used as prophylaxis or as pre-emptive treatment (Level 2 evidence but not designed for this outcome) Pre-emptive treatment of CMV infection results in significantly less leukopenia than prophylaxis, however, there is no difference in other adverse events. Pre-emptive treatment with 1⁄2 dose ganciclovir and 1⁄2 dose foscarnet r...