the aim of this paper is to develop a prediction model of energy demand of iran’s industrial sector. for that matter a markov chain grey model (mcgm) has been proposed to forecast such energy demand. to find the effectiveness of the proposed model, it is then compared with grey model (gm) and regression model. the comparison reveals that the mcgm model has higher precision than those of the gm ...

Four methods for determining substrate recoveries in studies concerned with the partition of substrate between sludge synthesis and respiration were investigated. An energy balance comparing chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed with the summation of oxygen uptake and the COD of the cells produced yielded average recoveries closer to 100% than any of the other three methods tested. The standard ...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are emerging as promising technology for the treatment of wastewaters. The potential energy conversion efficiencies are examined. The rates of energy recovery (W/m3 reactor) are reviewed and evaluated. Some recent data relating to potato-processing wastewaters and a hospital wastewater effluent are reported. Finally, a set of process configurations in which MFCs coul...

with the development of restructured power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day and increase fuel price, demand response programs were noticed more by customers. demand response consists of a series of activities that governments or utilities design to change the amount or time of electric energy consumption, to achieve better social welfare or some times for maximizing the benef...

In this paper, an agent-based structure of the electricity retail market is presented based on which day-ahead (DA) energy procurement for customers is modeled. Here, we focus on operation of only one Retail Energy Provider (REP) agent who purchases energy from DA pool-based wholesale market and offers DA real time tariffs to a group of its customers. As a model of customer response to the offe...

the objective of this study is to derive a money demand function compatible with the islamic economic rules, i.e., prohibition of reba. this rule, evidently eliminates the loan market from the economy.therefore, we propose that the islamic financial markets could link the real and nominal sectors of the economy and provide the information needed by both the financial intermediaries and the cent...