The grammatical category of evidentiality is traditionally conceived as marking the “information source” for the claim described by the sentence (see e.g. Anderson 1986; Willett 1988; Aikhenvald 2004). This paper defends the view that evidentiality need not be a semantic primitive but can rather be pragmatically derived from the spatiotemporal distance between the event described by the sentenc...

In this paper we consider the basic semantics of stable and partial stable models for disjunctive deductive databases (with default negation), cf. [9,16]. It is well–known that there are disjunctive deductive databases where no stable or partial stable models exist, and these databases are called inconsistent w.r.t. the basic semantics. We define a consistent variant of each class of models, wh...

The evidential meaning traditionally attributed to modal auxiliaries is conveyed in Italian and Greek by complex constructions clustering both modal and aspectual features. The evidential reading of Italian and Greek modal auxiliaries, indeed, is only licenced when the modals take as complements stative, progressive, habitual or resultative subordinates. A feature of aspectual incompleteness of...

This paper proposes a model of evidential network based on Hybrid Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSmH) to improve target identification of multi-sensors. In the classification simulation, we compared the results obtained at the Target Type node and Foe-Ally node in evidential network by using DempsterShafer theory (DS) and using DSmH. The comparisons show that, when we use DSmH in the evidential ne...

Standard equilibrium concepts in game theory find it diffi cult to explain the empirical evidence for a large number of static games such as prisoner’s dilemma, voting, public goods, oligopoly, etc. Under uncertainty about what others will do in one-shot games of complete and incomplete information, evidence suggests that people often use evidential reasoning (ER), i.e., they assign diagnostic ...

Evidentiality is a linguistic category that specifies the source of information conveyed in an utterance (Aikhenvald and Dixon 2003), such as direct observation, inference, or hearsay. According to Aikhenvald’s (2004) cross-linguistic study of over 500 languages, a typologically common pattern is to specify distinct sources of information with distinct morphemes, such as Quechua’s three evident...

This dissertation deals with a family of grammatical constructions which overlap with the meaning of the basic passive and which can be seen as resulting from alterations in grammatical voice. In particular the thesis describes and analyses several related types of construction including the passive, the impersonal, and the anticausative. The main objective of this dissertation is a study of va...

This paper investigates six- to nine-year-old children's acquisition of evidentiality. In two minimally different tasks we assess whether children can be made to use a particular source of information by presenting them with a specific evidential term. That is, we assess whether children have an explicit awareness of the source requirement of the evidential terms. The results demonstrate that c...

Abstract Evidence is often taken to be “normative” for doxastic agents. What accounts the normativity of evidence? According view that I'll call “evidential minimalism”, there a close connection between strong evidence truth p and normative reason believe p: either itself belief, or gives rise such when certain other minimal conditions are met. In this paper, I argue against evidential minimali...

In this work we model the ACME (a fictitious company name) “printer case incident” and make its specification in Forensic Lucid, a Lucidand intensional-logic-based programming language for cyberforensic analysis and event reconstruction specification. The printer case involves a dispute between two parties that was previously solved using the finite-state automata (FSA) approach, and is now re-...