An elevated cholesterol level might lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins block the cholesterol synthesis pathway in the liver. Atorvastatin is the most widespread statin worldwide and, its chemical synthesis requires toxic catalysts, resulting in environmental pollution. Hence, enzymatic synthesis of atorvastatin is desirable. This process could be done by Lactobacillus kefir ...

Most cyanobacteria produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that fulfill different biological roles depending on the strain/environmental conditions. The interest in cyanobacterial EPS synthesis/export pathways has been increasing, not only to optimize production but also efficiently redirect carbon flux toward of other compounds, allowing implementation industrial systems based cell fa...

Extracellular ATP synthesis on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was examined, and it was found that HUVECs possess high ATP synthesis activity on the cell surface. Extracellular ATP generation was detected within 5 s after addition of ADP and inorganic phosphate and reached a maximal level at 15 s. This type of ATP synthesis was almost completely inhibited by mitochondrial H(+)-A...

objective (s): the scarcity of articular cartilage defect to repair due to absence of blood vessels and tissue engineering is one of the promising approaches for cartilage regeneration. the objective of this study was to prepare an extracellular matrix derived decellularized bovine articular cartilage scaffold and investigate its interactions with seeded rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (...

We have previously provided evidence suggesting that phosphatidic acid, possibly derived from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D (PLD), is involved in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-mediated increases in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and DNA synthesis in rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the primary fibrogenic cells of the liver. A recent stud...

glycoconjugates and their programmed changes during the course of development in the cell-surface as well as in the extracellular matrix, are known to affect cell differentiation, cellular interaction and other developmental phenomena during embryogenesis. the purpose of this study was to localize n-acetylgalactosamin as well as fucose-containing glycoconjugates in situ during thymus developmen...

conclusions we found a marked increase in the incidence of non-albicans species (48.2%) among neutropenic patients. only a few strains failed to produce extracellular enzymes. finally, in addition to fluconazole, caspofungin can be considered as the first line treatment against candida species among neutropenic patients. results a total of 110 yeast strains isolated from urine and oral cavities...