The authors explore how to define a welfare spell and how well surveys measure welfare spells. By comparing survey and administrative data from the Work Pays Demonstration Project in California on the receipt of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), they find that a substantial amount of administrative churning occurs in administrative data. Through a mixing model of several break len...

an updated checklist of the herpetofauna of iran is presented based on records of amphibian and reptile species whose presence has been confirmed in iran as a result of extensive field expeditions, examination of herpetological collections, literature review, and personal communications from researchers. the herpetofauna of iran consists of 13 species and five subspecies of frogs and toads belo...

background: hearing loss (hl) is the most frequent sensory birth defect in humans. autosomal recessive non-syn­dromic hl (arnshl) is the most common type of hereditary hl. it is extremely heterogeneous and over 70 loci (known as dfnb) have been identified. this study was launched to determine the relative contribution of more frequent loci in a cohort of arnshl families. methods: thirty-seven i...

Protein function shift can be predicted from sequence comparisons, either using positive selection signals or evolutionary rate estimation. None of the methods have been validated on large datasets, however. Here we investigate existing and novel methods for protein function shift prediction, and benchmark the accuracy against a large dataset of proteins with known enzymatic functions. Function...

Profile hidden Markov models (HMMs) are used to model protein families and for detecting evolutionary relationships between proteins. Such a profile HMM is typically constructed from a multiple alignment of a set of related sequences. Transition probability parameters in an HMM are used to model insertions and deletions in the alignment. We show here that taking into account unrelated sequences...

The 8006 working face at the Wuyang Coal Mine adopts grout injection into bed separation technology for surface subsidence control. Surface leakage occurred during process of this face. Grout has adverse effects on grouting filling effect, cost and environment. To determine channels slurry transport process, to provide a theoretical basis prevention control, paper first used 3D seismic explorat...

the present research seeks to investigate the effects of religiousness on the social capital of families residing in qom. it is an applied kind of research conducted through using documentary and survey methods. the statistical population has been 160565 households living in qom. based on cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 376 households which finally it was decided to...