Operationalizing whistleblowing in a valid paradigm is an important yet challenging endeavor. In the present article, we review four categories of paradigms—scenario studies, autobiographical recalls, immersive behavioral paradigms, and economic games—and discuss how they capture definitory features whistleblowing. Moreover, evaluate strengths weaknesses each along selected psychometric criteri...

the aim of this study is investigation of the relation between theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers in curriculum implementation paradigms. in this article, three relationships between theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge were presented. these were formed with regard to three paradigms in curriculum studies field which based on relationship between theory and practice. three...

The microarray gene expression applications have greatly stimulated the statistical research on the massive multiple hypothesis tests problem. There is now a large body of literature in this area and basically five paradigms of massive multiple tests: control of the false discovery rate (FDR), estimation of FDR, significance threshold criteria, control of family-wise error rate (FWER) or genera...

This essay reviews interpretive approaches to dyadic analysis using qualitative data. After reviewing classic approaches to dyadic analysis of qualitative data, we explore some of the benefits these classic approaches offer family communication studies. We then look to three new approaches to dyadic analysis—multiadic analysis, affective analysis, and collaborative autoethnography—that can be o...