Lupus peritonitis (LP) is extremely rare. Acute LP is characterized by rapid onset of ascites and severe abdominal pain, in addition to other well-recognized clinical features of a general systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) fare. Ascites associated with acute LP has been rarely reported as the prominent feature of a SLE fare. We report a 39-year-old woman who developed massive, painful ascites ...

The leading economic explanation for tipping –that is, explanation why the practice is socially beneficial, not why individuals leave tips even though it is not narrowly advantageous to them– is that it confers an incentive to provide personal services. This fits many instances in which tipping is common but does not fit the taxicab business very well. We propose two novel explanations of tippi...

A standard definition of dynamic pricing in airline markets typically focuses on how fares evolve over the booking period that precedes a flight’s take-off. Our research shows that such a definition is lacking because it fails to connect fare changes to some guiding principles of revenue management, defined as the combined methods used by carriers to set their fares. Once such a connection is m...

In this paper we introduce the fare planning problem for public transport which consists in designing a system of fares maximizing revenue. We propose a new simple general model for this problem. It is based on a demand function and constraints for the different fares. The constraints define the structure of the fare system, e.g., distance dependent fares or zone fares. We discuss a simple exam...

Public transit systems in urban areas usually require large state subsidies, primarily due to high fare evasion rates. In this paper, we study new models for optimizing fare inspection strategies in transit networks based on bilevel programming. In the first level, the leader (the network operator) determines probabilities for inspecting passengers at different locations, while in the second le...

Abstract Air travel generates a substantial and growing share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Reduction efforts partly rely on estimates emissions per passenger, which may be used for carbon budgets, offsets, or taxes. Aircraft are typically allocated to individual passengers through space-based allocation dependent seating arrangements by class. However, the operation aircraft depends prof...

Mots clés : écarts de revenus, Autochtones Investigating the earnings and income disparity faced by Aboriginal people in Canada from 1995 to 2005, we find that Aboriginal people face substantial income and earnings gaps in comparison with Canadian-born majority-group workers with similar characteristics (such as age and education). The estimated gaps are large: about 10 to 20 percent for women ...

The market for the public transit fare payment system using contactless smart cards is rapidly growing, however, the payment systems provided by different vendors are not interoperable. This paper presents an interoperable payment protocol for the public transit fare payment system using contactless smart cards. We also present implementation results of a PSAM (Purchase Secure Application Modul...

sar (synthetic aperture radar) image enhancement and segmentation is purpose of this thesis. sar image segmentation is a primary step before steps such as classification and target recognition. the main obstacle in sar image segmentation is inherent speckle noise. speckle noise is a multiplicative and highly destructive noise which results to intensity inhomogeneity. hence common segmentation m...