Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) are important pathogens on wheat, maize, barley, and rice in China. Harvested grains are often contaminated by mycotoxins, such as the trichothecene nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN), which is a big threat to humans and animals. In this study, 97 isolates were collected from maize, w...

Hydroxypipecolic acids are bioactive compounds widely distributed in nature and are valuable building blocks for the organic synthesis of pharmaceuticals. We have found a novel hydroxylating enzyme with activity toward L-pipecolic acid (L-Pip) in a filamentous fungus, Fusarium oxysporum c8D. The enzyme L-Pip trans-4-hydroxylase (Pip4H) of F. oxysporum (FoPip4H) belongs to the Fe(II)/α-ketogluta...

As a safety-related application, visual systems based on deep neural networks (DNNs) in modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) show adversarial vulnerability when performing real-time inference. Recently, ensembles with various defensive strategies against samples have drawn much attention due to the increased diversity and reduced variance for their members. Aimed at recognition task of remote...

Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex or FGSC) are the primary pathogens causing Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley worldwide. A natural pathogenicity mutant (strain 0225022) was found in a sample of the Fg complex collected in Japan. The mutant strain did not induce symptoms in wheat spikes beyond the point of inoculation, and did not form perithecia. No segrega...

The formation of stable protoplasts from os-1 (NM233t) (FGSC #4493 or 4494) mycelial cultures involves the germinaUse of partially purified Polyoxin B tion of macroconidia in Vogel's medium N containing 10% sorbose and 200-400 μg/ml purified Polyoxin B at 37° C (Selitrenfor forming protoplasts. nikoff et al., 1981 Exper. Mycol. 5: 155-161). Polyoxin B is purified from Polyoxin AL Wettable Powde...

Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint for agricultural production, especially in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Salts irrigation water soil can potentially harm plant root growth. To date, more research has been devoted to aboveground biomass production. This study aimed at determining impacts irrigating with brackish groundwater (BGW) reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate on sh...

Early menopause and infertility often occur in female cancer patients after chemotherapy (CTx). For these patients, oocyte/embryo cryopreservation or ovarian tissue cryopreservation is the current modality for fertility preservation. However, the above methods are limited in the long-term protection of ovarian function, especially for fertility preservation (very few females with cancer have ac...

Infections caused by the fungus Aspergillus are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. To identify genes required for virulence that could be used as targets for novel treatments, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting virulence in the progeny of a cross between two strains of A. nidulans (FGSC strains A4 and A91). We genotyped 61 progeny at 739 si...