the present paper aims to examine the role of frequency lexicon in assessing lexical proficiency of persian learners. addressing the frequency distribution pattern of persian words, the research which is conducted in corpus-based method studies the relationship between words and lexical proficiency as well as derives the frequency lexicon from persian corpus. to do so, formal and colloquial per...

Statistical methods emphasizing formal hypothesis testing have dominated the analyses used by ecologists to gain insight from data. Here, we review alternatives to hypothesis testing including techniques for parameter estimation and model selection using likelihood and Bayesian techniques. These methods emphasize evaluation of weight of evidence for multiple hypotheses, multimodel inference, an...

statistical errors are common in scientific literature and about 50% of the published articles have at least one error. the assumption of normality needs to be checked for many statistical procedures, namely parametric tests, because their validity depends on it. the aim of this commentary is to overview checking for normality in statistical analysis using spss.

We present a novel approach, based on probabilistic formal methods, to developing cross-layer resource optimization policies for resource limited distributed systems. One objective of this approach is to enable system designers to analyze designs in order to study design tradeoffs and predict the possible property violations as the system evolves dynamically over time. Specifically, an executab...

Bayesian statistical practice makes extensive use of versions of objective Bayesian analysis. We discuss why this is so, and address some of the criticisms that have been raised concerning objective Bayesian analysis. The dangers of treating the issue too casually are also considered. In particular, we suggest that the statistical community should accept formal objective Bayesian techniques wit...

Topological models of empirical and formal inquiry are increasingly prevalent. They have emerged in such diverse fields as domain theory [1, 16], formal learning theory [18], epistemology and philosophy of science [10, 15, 8, 9, 2], statistics [6, 7] and modal logic [17, 4]. In those applications, open sets are typically interpreted as hypotheses deductively verifiable by true propositional inf...

In the past 20 years since their conception, boomerang attacks have become an important tool in cryptanalysis of block ciphers. classical estimate success probability, assumptions are made about independence underlying differential trails that not well-founded. We underline problems inherent these by using them to prove for any there exists a trail over entire cipher with higher probability tha...