an efficient and chemoselective procedure for the preparation of 1, 1-diacatates (acylals) from various aldehydes with acetic anhydride in the presence of brønsted acidic ionic liquid [msei]cl as a reusable catalytic system under solvent-free condition at room temperature and short periods of times with excellent yields will be described. the catalyst was easily separated in simple work-up and ...

Resource allocation to different functions is central in life-history theory. Plasticity of functional traits allows clonal plants to regulate their resource allocation to meet changing environments. In this study, biomass allocation traits of clonal plants were categorized into absolute biomass for vegetative growth vs. for reproduction, and their relative ratios based on a data set including ...

plant regeneration was achieved in verbascum speciosum schard. via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by culture of mature embryo explants. two types of calli, embryogenic and non-embryogenic, were induced from mature embryo explants on murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (ba) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (naa). in order to further ...

conclusions the findings of this study indicated that these isolates were plant pathogenic fungi, which entered seawater from the environment, and were likely to have a suitable lipase activity on plant oils. results four fungal species were isolated from water samples of the caspian sea (north of iran) between february and june 2011. the nucleotide sequences reported for three of these isolate...

abstract in order to investigate the effects of nutrient resources and weed management on qualitative and quantitative criteria of cat tyme (teucrium polium), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a complete randomized block design with 3 replications at the agricultural research station, ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran, during the years 2008 and 2009. treatments included diff...

Aphelenchoides besseyi is a seed-borne plant parasitic nematode and is widely distributed in most rice growing areas. Application of resistant cultivars requires the identification of resistance source, which can then be included in breeding programs to improve the local rice cultivars. Fourteen Iranian rice genotypes including improved and local varieties were evaluated for resistance to A. be...

We prove that if the given compact set K is convex then a minimizer of the functional I(v) = ∫ BR |∇v|dx + Per({v > 0}), 1 < p < ∞, over the set {v ∈ H 0 (BR)| v ≡ 1 on K ⊂ BR} has a convex support, and as a result all its level sets are convex as well. We derive the free boundary condition for the minimizers and prove that the free boundary is analytic and the minimizer is unique.