The lethal toxin produced by Bacillus anthracis is a bipartite toxin in which the first protein, protective antigen (PA), transports the second protein, lethal factor, across the host cell membrane. We have previously shown that CD8(+) T-cell epitopes fused to a nontoxic derivative of lethal factor (LFn) are delivered into the host cell cytosol in a PA-dependent manner. Delivery of these antige...

background and objectives: hbha and mtb32c have been isolated from culture supernatants of mycobacterium tu- berculosis (m. tuberculosis) and mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) and their immunogenicity previously studies have been confirmed. in this study, capability of constructed vector containing two mycobacterial immunodaminant antigens (mt- b32c-hbha), in producing new chimeric protein under t...

background: monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are essential tools for many molecular im-munology investigations, epitope mapping and molecular modelling, clinical laboratory di-agnostic tests and immunotherapy. humoral immune response of immunized animals largely depends on the nature of antigen and the immunization technique. polysaccharides and heavily-glycosylated proteins are very elusive target...

The purpose of this study was to engineer a bivalent single-chain anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody and an interleukin 2 (IL-2) fusion protein derivative for selective tumor targeting of cytokines. The variable domains of a high affinity anti-CEA antibody, T84.66, were used to form a single-gene-encoded antibody [single-chain variable fragment joined to the crystallizable fragment, Fc...

the leishmania major parasite surface antigen-2 (psa-2) is a family of glycoinositol phospholipids anchored glycoprotoins expressed in both promastigotes and amastigotes. promastigote psa-2 comprises three polypeptides with approximate molecular weight of 96, 80 and 50 kda. amastigote express a distinct but closely psa-2 polypeptide with molecular weight of 50 kda. in this study fusion of sp2/0...

Hybrid cell clones between mouse cells deficient in thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) and two different human cell lines transformed by simian virus 40 (SV40) and deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) were examined for SV40 tumor (T) antigen(s). Concordant segregation of the gene(s) for SV40 T antigen and human chromosome C-7 was observed in these hybrids. The human chro...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in ruminants and there has been a shift in the public health approach to MAP and human diseases like Crohn's disease. The prevention of infection by MAP in ruminants is thought to deter the high impact of economic losses in the level of dairy industry and possible spreading of this pathogen in dairy prod...

Background: The therapy of leishmania infection is difficult and each year 1.5 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 500,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis are estimated, therefore, there is a need for an effective vaccine. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) is one of the suitable methods for isolation and purification of leishmania antigens. In this report, we produced several mAb aga...

Ly-6E, a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored murine alloantigen that can activate T cells upon antibody cross-linking, has been converted into an integral membrane protein by gene fusion. This fusion product, designated Ly-6EDb, was characterized in transiently transfected COS cells and demonstrated to be an integral cell surface membrane protein. Furthermore, the fusion antigen can be...

diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii (t.gondii) infection is of great medical importance especially for pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. numerous studies have shown that the recombinant production of several ttoxoplasma antigens, including dense granule antigens (gras) has a great potential as diagnostic reagents. previous studies reported expression of amino terminal gra8 protein in fus...