Abstract Tax refund is one of the most critical areas in the implementation of the VAT Act. There is typically variance between the taxpayer’s claimed credits and the tax auditor’s assessment leading to tension between the two parties, and if it isn’t managed properly, it will weaken the operation of VAT system and will provide the examination prorogation, inequity and distrust in the law an...

this thesis basically deals with the well-known notion of the bear-invariant of groups, which is the generalization of the schur multiplier of groups. in chapter two, section 2.1, we present an explicit formula for the bear-invariant of a direct product of cyclic groups with respect to nc, c>1. also in section 2.2, we caculate the baer-invatiant of a nilpotent product of cyclic groups wuth resp...

chapters 1 and 2 establish the basic theory of amenability of topological groups and amenability of banach algebras. also we prove that. if g is a topological group, then r (wluc (g)) (resp. r (luc (g))) if and only if there exists a mean m on wluc (g) (resp. luc (g)) such that for every wluc (g) (resp. every luc (g)) and every element d of a dense subset d od g, m (r)m (f) holds. chapter 3 inv...

Today, one of the most important challenges of tax system is tax evasion of the taxpayers, which is an obstacle to the proper administration of the country. There are many ways to prevent tax evasion, one of which is the legal remedy for issuance under Article 161 of the Direct Taxes Terms and Conditions. This important legal entity can prevent tax evasion and prevent tax fraud by seizing the p...

fluorescence chemical sensors for the highly sensitive and selective determination of pb2+ , hg2+, co2+ and fe3+ ions in aqueous solutions are described. the ion sensing system was prepared by incorporating lipophilic ligand (l) as a neutral ion-selective fluoroionophore in the plasticized pvc membrane containing sodium tetraphenylborate or potasium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl) borate as a liphoph...