This study was conducted to determine the effects of Agave fourcroydes powder as a dietary supplement on the growth performance, gut morphology, serum concentration of IgG, and the hematology parameters of broiler rabbits. A total of 32 rabbits [New Zealand × Californian] were weaned at 35 days. They were randomly selected for two dietary treatments (eight repetitions per treatment), which cons...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is the most common type of dementia.AD includes 60_80% of dementia and most people with AD have more than 65 years old.AD causes losing neuronal activity by abnormal proteins. Plaques of beta-amyloid and tangles of “tau” protein can lead to AD. Recently evidence has found that AD may come from outside of central nerv...

Development In addition to the hardwired program of gut development discussed above, it is clear that environmental influences, such as diet (27) and the microbial community of the gut (28), play important roles in the differentiation and function of the gut. For example, in mammals, the changing dietary input in the preand postnatal periods imposes different demands on the intestine and influe...

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family has multiple vascular functions, but the specific regulatory isoform supporting lymphangiogenesis remains unidentified. Here, we report that deletion of the Pik3r1 gene, encoding the regulatory subunits p85alpha, p55alpha, and p50alpha impairs lymphatic sprouting and maturation, and causes abnormal lymphatic morphology, without major impact on blood v...

Severe amyloidosis and plaque-localized neuro-inflammation are key pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to astrocyte and microglial reactivity, emerging evidence suggests a role of gut microbiota in regulating innate immunity and influencing brain function. Here, we examine the role of the host microbiome in regulating amyloidosis in the APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of AD...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary Euphorbia hirta and an acidifier mixture supplementation on gut morphology and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.A total of 240 day old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one ofthe four dietary treatment groups including: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + 7.5 g/kg E. hirta (Eh7.5), (3) basal diet + 1.5 g/kg ...

Symbiotic associations of cellulolytic eukaryotic protists and diverse bacteria are common in the gut microbial communities of termites. Besides cellulose degradation by the gut protists, reductive acetogenesis from H2 plus CO2 and nitrogen fixation by gut bacteria play crucial roles in the host termites' nutrition by contributing to the energy demand of termites and supplying nitrogen poor in ...

Looping of the initially straight embryonic gut tube is an essential aspect of intestinal morphogenesis, permitting proper placement of the lengthy small intestine within the confines of the body cavity. The formation of intestinal loops is highly stereotyped within a given species and results from differential-growth-driven mechanical buckling of the gut tube as it elongates against the constr...

After birth, mammals acquire a community of bacteria in their gastro-intestinal tract, which harvests energy and provides nutrients for the host. Comparative studies of numerous terrestrial mammal hosts have identified host phylogeny, diet and gut morphology as primary drivers of the gut bacterial community composition. To date, marine mammals have been excluded from these comparative studies, ...

The rapid specification and differentiation of the embryonic zebrafish gut is essential to provide contractility for the digestion of food. The role of microRNAs in modulating gut epithelial or smooth muscle differentiation is currently not known. Here we show that the microRNA miR-145 is strongly expressed in zebrafish gut smooth muscle and regulates its development. Modulation of miR-145 leve...