From 1996 to 2000, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among Connecticut women to test the hypothesis that genetic variation in xenobiotic metabolic pathway genes modifies the relation between hair dye use and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No effect modifications were found for women who started using hair dyes in 1980 or afterward. For women who started using hair dye b...

We have previously described a sensitive bacterial test for dectecting carcinogens as mutagens. We have previously described a sensitive bacterial test for detecting carcinogens as mutagens. We show here that 89% (150/169) of commercial oxidative-type (hydrogen peroxide) hair dye formulations are mutagenic in this test. Of the 18 components of these hair dyes, nine show various degrees of mutag...

Many strong and extreme sensitizing chemicals, such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene-2,5-diamine (TDA) and other aromatic amines or cross-reacting substances, are ingredients in hair dye products. The chemistry of hair dyeing and the immunological reactions to the potent sensitizing hair dye components are complex and have not been fully clarified up until now. Recently 2-methoxymethyl-p...

Abstract Basic Brown 16 pigment and three types of surfactants were used to prepare the cationic, nonionic, anionic basic hair dyes. White bleached dyed using dyes shampooed 10 times acidic, neutral, alkaline shampoos prepared in study. with dye resulted a lower L *, b * values K/S compared cationic nonionic results statistically significant at α = 0.05. Hair showed significantly higher Δ E ab ...

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (CIR Panel) reviewed the safety of hydroxypropyl bis(N-Hydroxyethyl-p-Phenylenediamine) HCl, which functions as an oxidative hair dye ingredient. The Panel considered relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment and concluded that hydroxypropyl bis(N-hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine) HCl is safe for use in oxidative hair dye formul...

It is also commonly mixed with henna (leaves of lawsonia alba) in Africa, Middle East and Indian subcontinent, which is traditionally applied to color palms of hands, soles and feet and to dye hair a dark red shade. 3-5 PPD causes contact dermatitis in susceptible individuals 6 , but when ingested, it causes acute angioedema of face and neck rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. 1-5 A case re...

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is the commonest and most well-known component of hair dyes. Oxidative hair dyes and dark henna temporary tattoos contain PPD. Individuals may be sensitized to PPD by temporary henna tattooing in addition to dyeing their hair. PPD allergy can cause severe reactions and may result in complications. In recent years, frequency of positive patch test reactions to PPD has...

Hair dye poisoning, super vasmol 33, a commonly used liquid hair dye, cheap, freely available in the market and easily consumable. So it is a major cause of suicidal poisoning in India. The major life threatening compound in this hair dye is para-phenylenediamine (PPD). Oral consumption of Super vasmol 33, a four month prospective study was conducted and 264 cases registered in the causality fr...

The present work describes the development of a voltammetric sensor for the selective determination of Acid Green 25 (AG25) hair dye, widely used in commercial temporary hair dyes. The method is based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes activated in the presence of sulfuric acid, where the anthraquinone group present as a chromophore in the dye molecule is re...