In this chapter, we will draw attention to the possibility of viral encephalitis caused by a common pathogen: dengue. To end, it includes necessary knowledge diagnosis and therapeutic management, such as general notions infections in central nervous system; encephalitis—diagnostic investigation; arboviruses their relevance; dengue an endemic disease; diagnostic methods treatment; its possible c...

herpes simplex virus accounts for 10 to 25% of sporadic viral encephalitis throughout the world among people of different age with two peaks, one at 5 to 30 and the other at > 50 years of age. pathologic process includes focal brain tissue inflammation and necrosis (predominantly temporal lobe). therefore local neurological signs and symptoms will ensue. although csf pressure rising due to infl...

despite advances in antiviral therapy over the past 2 decades, herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) remains a serious illness with significant risk of morbidity and mortality. hse includes a range of clinical presentations, from aseptic meningitis and fever to a severe rapidly progressive form with mental status changes (clouding of consciousness, confusion, disorientation, personality changes) an...

The present study highlights the Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis. Due to similarities clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings many forms autoimmune infectious encephalitis, encephalitis is frequently a difficult clinical diagnosis. Diagnosis based on course, serological evidence autoimmunity, EEG changes, intrathecal inflammation cerebrospinal fluid neuroi...

paraneoplastic neurological syndromes have only been described with pleural mesothelioma in five cases. we have described a 72-year-old man who developed anterograde amnesia 27 months after diagnosis of epithelioid pleural mesothelioma. investigations revealed a limbic encephalitis with no alternative causes identified. limbic encephalitis is a classical paraneoplastic syndrome and presentation...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is is most common form ofimmune-mediated encephalitis with prominent neurologic and psychiatric features at disease onset. We describe a 16 years old patient who presented with fever and status epilepticus. His MRI sequences was normal. Anti-NMDAR antibodies were detected in the CSF.  MRI, CT and other studies didn,t show any tum...

Encephalitis is a disease characterised by inflammation of the encephalon. An important element to take into account in this pathology that it has several causes, among which viral and metabolic are most important. This clinical picture generally manifests itself with headache, altered mental state, seizures, focal signs, movement disorders, some cases also manifested meningeal or cortical depe...

Historically, Western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis caused substantial human and equine illness and death in California. This study describes the epidemiology of encephalitis with data from 13,807 patients hospitalized in California with acute encephalitis from 1990 through 1999. The incidence of encephalitis hospitalizations decreased over this period. The greatest propor...

moyamoya disease is a rare vaso-occlusive illness with an unknown etiology characterized by stenosis of the internal carotid arteries with spontaneous development of a collateral vascular network. a 15-month-old girl was referred to the emergency ward of imam reza hospital due to decreased level of consciousness, focal seizures and fever during the previous 24 hours with an impression of enceph...

Encephalitis refers to an acute, diffuse inflammatory process affecting the brain. Viral encephalitis being the most important cause. Imaging of patients with viral encephalitis reveals edema in the affected brain parenchyma with possible diffusion restriction in the acute phase probably due to cytotoxic edema. Depending on the virus grey and white matter of the brain may be involved or a disti...