In this paper, we depict and analyze simple models of moral hazard, namely “operating moral hazard” and “investing moral hazard.” First we assume that a corporation exists primarily for the benefit of their shareholders. Then, moral hazard occurs when managers choose an option knowingly that is not optimum for shareholders. We evaluate the loss to shareholders in terms of cash flow to them in t...

BACKGROUND Self-perception of uselessness is associated with increased mortality risk in older adults. However, it is unknown whether and to what extent changes in perceived uselessness are associated with mortality risk. METHODS Using four waves of national longitudinal data of older adults from China (2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014), this study examines the association between changes in percei...

The purpose of this research was to introduce and describe a model for Fire Quantitative Risk Assessment of in petroleum Storage Tanks. A novel model was designed to determine the risk of a fire occurrence using of Loss Causation and Swiss cheese models. Then, based on FTA, model and its integration with our initial proposed model, the final model was obtained for fire hazard determination in h...

the main purpose of this study is landslide hazard assessment the ziarat watershed (golestan province) using information value and lnrf models within geographic information. at first stage, a landslide inventory map was prepared in the study area using earlier reports and aerial photographs, and a total of 50 landslides was mapped and out of which 35 (70%) were randomly selected for building la...