recognizing the advantages of primary care as a means of improving the entire health system, this text comments on reforms of publicly funded primary health centers, and the rapid development of private forprofit providers in sweden. many goals and expectations are connected to such reforms, which equally require critical analyses of scarce resources, professional trust/motivation and business ...

background: except in emergency cases, all patients should be seen first by a primary healthcare physician who decides whether a referral to secondary care is necessary. the present study examined the reasons for patient self-referral to specialists. methods: a random sample of 1036 individuals was selected from people attending public outpatient clinics and specialists’ offices in the private ...

background: women and children form two-thirds of the country's population and the health of mothers and children is effective in improving the health of the entire community. using the experience of successful countries in the world in this field, can improve maternal and child health indicators in iran. objective: the present study aimed to improve maternal and child health services mana...

happiness underlying factors are considerable from two dimensions: endogenic factors (biological, cognitive, personality and ethical sub-factors) and exogenic factors (behavioral, socialcultural, economical, geographical, life events and aesthetics sub-factors). among all endogenic factors, biological sub-factors are the significant predictors of happiness. existence of significant differences ...

Pregnancy as a natural event leads to changes in various aspects of physiology, psychology, and social life. The adoption of a health promoting lifestyle is an important strategy for achieving the desired outcomes of pregnancy and is important on the future health of mother and child. The aim of this study was to assess the various aspects of health promotion behaviors during pregnancy. The dat...

abstract the purpose of this article is to present a system dynamics (sd) model for studying the ‎interconnections among human being weight, eating habit, exercise, body fat, take-in medication, drugs-uses, and the health problems in general. due to the fact that all of these factors have direct and indirect impacts on the expenses that insurance company have to pay this author is proposing a s...

to achieve the highest level of health in organizations, there is a need to create a proper space for active participation of staff. to enable this partnership, organizations need tools to measure participation to determine deviations, in order to revise their programs. this research aimed to design a system for measuring employee participation in workplace health regardless of the estimation o...