BACKGROUND The most common cause of shock in the surgical or trauma patient is hemorrhage. Crystalloid solutions and blood transfusion are the mainstays of treatment of hemorrhagic shock. Considering the disadvantages of allogeneic blood transfusion, such as risk of transmission of infectious diseases, and access and maintenance limitations, treatment of shock with autologous blood seems to be ...

Purpose: To study the effects of total hepatic ischemia, and reperfusion on the accumulation of neutrophils in the brain of rats submitted to normovolemic conditions as well as to controlled hemorrhagic shock state. Methods: Thirty two adult male Wistar rats, were divided into four groups: the Control group, was submitted to the standard procedures for a period of 60 min of observation; Shock g...

BACKGROUND Acute diaphragmatic dysfunction has been reported in septic and cardiogenic shock, but few data are available concerning the effect of hemorrhagic shock on diaphragmatic function. The authors examined the impact of a hemorrhagic shock on the diaphragm. METHODS Four parallel groups of adult rats were submitted to hemorrhagic shock induced by controlled exsanguination targeting a mea...

Arachidonic acid (AA), precursor of the bisenoic prostaglandins was infused at a rate of 120 /xg/kg per min into the vena cava of dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock to assess the effects of stimulation of the prostaglandin (PG) synthetase system on the shock state. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by bleeding to a mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of 40 mm Hg for 150 minutes followed by reinfus...

BACKGROUND Liver is a target for injury in low flow states and it plays a central role in the progression of systemic failure associated with hemorrhagic shock. Pharmacologic support can help recover liver function even after it has suffered extensive damage during ischemia and reperfusion phases. In this work we assessed the efficacy of a diphenyldifluoroketone EF24, an IKKβ inhibitor, in cont...

BACKGROUND In prolonged hemorrhagic shock, reductions in intestinal mucosal blood perfusion lead to mucosal barrier damage and systemic inflammation. Gastrointestinal failure in critically ill patients has a poor prognosis, so early assessment of mucosal barrier injury in shock patients is clinically relevant. Unfortunately, there is no serum marker that can accurately assess intestinal ischemi...

HYPOTHESIS Traditional clinical resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock that focuses on restoring central hemodynamic function does not adequately perfuse the gut. Intestinal hypoperfusion could stimulate ongoing organ failure and gut-derived systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Direct peritoneal resuscitation (DPR) that uses dialysis fluid improves perfusion and survival. We examined mesenter...

The early use of fresh frozen plasma as a resuscitative agent after hemorrhagic shock has been associated with improved survival, but the mechanism of protection is unknown. Hemorrhagic shock causes endothelial cell dysfunction and we hypothesized that fresh frozen plasma would restore endothelial integrity and reduce syndecan-1 shedding after hemorrhagic shock. A prospective, observational stu...

Although extensive data on the metabolic response to experimental hemorrhagic shock are available' and although some, though less, data are available on changes in tissue oxygen tension during experimental hemorrhagic shock,'" there are no data relating changes in tissue oxygen tension to changes in tissue metabolism during hemorrhagic shock. The present study was instituted to determine the ef...