Hypoxiainducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an important transcription factor that is expressed upon hypoxia. HIF-1 is a heterodimer of HIF-1α subunit and HIF-1β subunit. HIF-1α is unique to HIF-1 whereas HIF-1β is also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) nuclear translocator (ARNT) gene product. HIF-1β can dimerize with AhR to form AhR complex and can also dimerize with HIF-1α to form HIF-1. HIF...

Echinomycin (EKN), an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 DNA-binding activity, has been implied as a possible therapeutic agent in ischemic diseases. Here, we assess EKN hypoxia-driven responses vitro using human primary adult retinal pigment epithelium cells (aRPE) and endothelial (hREC), vivo the laser-induced mouse choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model. Effects on hypoxia-media...

this paper presets a method including a combination of the wavelet transform and fuzzy function approximation (ffa) for high impedance fault (hif) detection in distribution electricity network. discrete wavelet transform (dwt) has been used in this paper as a tool for signal analysis. with studying different types of mother signals, detail types and feeder signal, the best case is selected. the...

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors, which are commonly expressed in mammals, including humans. The HIFs consist of hypoxia-regulated α and oxygen-insensitive β subunits, and are key regulators of gene expression during hypoxia in normal and solid tumor tissues. Three members of the HIF family, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α, are currently known. HIF-3α differs from HIF-1α an...

The heterodimeric transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and HIF-2, are essential for the maintenance of cellular oxygen homeostasis. In response to hypoxia, stabilized HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha proteins bind HIF-1beta and initiate expression of genes that alleviate hypoxic stress, including those promoting neovascularization. Both HIF-1 and HIF-2 stimulate transcription of vas...

HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-3alpha is the third member of the HIF transcription factor family. Whereas HIF-1alpha and -2alpha play critical roles in the cellular and systemic adaptation to hypoxia, little is known about the regulation and function of HIF-3alpha. At least five different splice variants may be expressed from the human HIF-3alpha locus that are suggested to exert primarily nega...

Leukemogenesis occurs under hypoxic conditions within the bone marrow (BM). Knockdown of key mediators of cellular responses to hypoxia with shRNA, namely hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) or HIF-2α, in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples results in their apoptosis and inability to engraft, implicating HIF-1α or HIF-2α as therapeutic targets. However, genetic deletion of Hif-1α has no...