any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

the thesis has been arranged into five chapters and mainly concerned with the baer-invariant of groups which is the generalization of the schur-multiplier with respect to the variety of groups. chapter one is devoted to collect some notation and background information which are needed in the next chapters. its also contains some important statements which will be generalized in this thesis. cha...

it is not possible to understand developments of a country’s culture and civilization without knowing his believes and myths. whether it is north or south, east or west, planes or mountains, sahara or deserts, here in iran every corner includes valuable and precious treasures which are known all over the world, and cultural – historical objects which are found here adorn all well known museums...

the present thesis is a study of postmodern historical novel with respect to the voice of women. according to postmodern historiography,the established institution of history is one of the other manifestations of patriarchys power which has silenced women. the study analyzes angela carters nights at the circus as a postmodern historical novel which makes its female characters transgress the pat...

this research is a study on indicators of listening instruction in iranian english as a foreign language (efl) curriculum at guidance school and high school educational levels. this thesis aims at determining: a) the indicators of listening instruction at guidance school and high school efl curriculum. b) the indicators of listening instruction in irans guidance school and high school efl curri...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate any relationship between high school efl teachers metaphorical understandings of their role in class and their self-efficacy beliefs. teachers metaphors were elicited through two different prompts: one picturing what they believed a language teacher should be like in class, and the other demonstrating what they are actually like in class; such...

nowadays in trade and economic issues, prediction is proposed as the most important branch of science. existence of effective variables, caused various sectors of the economic and business executives to prefer having mechanisms which can be used in their decisions. in recent years, several advances have led to various challenges in the science of forecasting. economical managers in various fi...

this thesis basically deals with the well-known notion of the bear-invariant of groups, which is the generalization of the schur multiplier of groups. in chapter two, section 2.1, we present an explicit formula for the bear-invariant of a direct product of cyclic groups with respect to nc, c>1. also in section 2.2, we caculate the baer-invatiant of a nilpotent product of cyclic groups wuth resp...

hydrochlorothiazide (hct) is a diuretic agent which is shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertension. literature reports have demonstrated that urinary excretion data may be used to assess the bioavailability of various formulations containing this thiazide. also hct consumption by the athletes is one of the drugs which should be regulated by world anti-doping agency (wada), because of...