In the United States, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has become a sucrose replacement for honey bees and has widespread use as a sweetener in many processed foods and beverages for human consumption. It is utilized by commercial beekeepers as a food for honey bees for several reasons: to promote brood production, after bees have been moved for commercial pollination, and when field-gathered ne...

Lightning flash rates, RL, are modulated by corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and the polarity of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) in near-Earth space. As the HMF polarity reverses at the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), typically within a CIR, these phenomena are likely related. In this study, RL is found to be significantly enhanced at the HCS and at 27 days prior/after. The strengt...

Background: Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) must be processed before being prescribed to patients. During the processing, some CHMs became brown and as such 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) generated. Increasing attention is being paid to the safety and effectiveness of HMF. Methods: This paper summarized previous and recent reports on HMF formation, its presence in CHMs, its metabolism and bioac...

In the near future, the world will need to gradually replace the use of fossil resources for energy consumption and platform chemicals with other resources. For the energy issue, the ongoing approach is based mainly on a diversity of resources, such as nuclear, coal, hydraulic and wind power, photovoltaics, and biofuels. In the case of chemical platforms, probably the major resource will be bas...

We previously reported that the subcutaneous administration of 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), a citrus polymethoxyflavone, attenuated depressive-like behavior and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of a corticosterone-induced depression-like mouse model. We herein demonstrated that (1) HMF was detectable in the brain 10 and 30 min...

Due to rising oil price and environmental aspects, research on alternatives for petroleum based chemicals and fuels is growing in recent years. Biomass is one potential raw material for producing non-petroleum derived chemicals and fuels. Different catalysts and reaction steps are required to generate the same products in comparison with the petroleum based processes. One possible starting mate...

background: hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) is a common maillard reaction product directly formed from dehydration of sugars under acidic conditions during heating and storage in carbohydrate rich foods. the aim of the present study was to detect and quantify the amount of hmf in date syrup by hplc method. in addition, the amount of hmf in date syrup produced by traditional and industrial methods w...

Micro/mesoporous chromium, aluminium-containing silicates of the type TUD-1 (Al-TUD-1, Cr-TUD-1, CrAl-TUD-1) and zeolite BEA, Cr-BEA, and related composites BEA/TUD-1 and Cr-BEA/TUD-1, were prepared, characterised, and tested as solid acids coupled with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) as solvent, in the transformation of D-glucose into 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-f...

Lignocellulosic biomass is a very promising feedstock for the production of biobased chemicals. The C6 sugars (for example d-glucose, d-fructose, and d-mannose) in lignocellulosic biomass are interesting precursors for a broad range of chemicals with high application potential. Apart from fermentation to bioethanol and reforming to CO/H2, [10] the direct conversion of these sugars to useful pla...

BACKGROUND Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are the two major inhibitor compounds generated from lignocellulose pretreatment, especially for dilute acid, steam explosion, neutral hot water pretreatment methods. The two inhibitors severely inhibit the cell growth and metabolism of fermenting strains in the consequent bioconversion step. The biodetoxification strain Amorphotheca resinae...