The Information Artifact Ontology is an ontology in the domain of information entities. Core to the definition of what it is to be an information entity is the claim that an information entity must be ‘about’ something, which is encoded in an axiom expressing that all information entities are about some entity. This axiom comes into conflict with ontological realism, since many information enti...

The most persistently troubling empirical result in the contingent valuation method literature is the tendency for hypothetical willingness to pay to overestimate real willingness to pay. We suggest a new approach to test and correct for hypothetical bias using a latent choice multinomial logit (LCMNL) model. To develop this model, we extend Dempster, Laird, and Rubin’s (1977) work on the EM al...

Understanding the complex CO2 emissions in inter-sectoral and interregional interactions of construction industry is significant to attaining sustainability China. Many previous studies focused on aggregating sector’s a national level, with provincial characteristics often overlooked. Using extended environmental input–output tables, we adopted hypothetical extraction method combined extended-e...

The paper proposes a model of an ecological backpack, which corresponds to the interpretation Friedrich Schmidt-Blick, for Ukrainian coal at stage its extraction. environmental backpack is included in concept MIpS (Material input per unit service). It that has been adopted as response function “grey” cybernetic box symbolises national mine fund. factors determine are biotic and abiotic material...

A new approach to the generation of a feature-point-driven facial animation is presented. In the proposed approach, a hypothetical face is used to control the animation of a face model. The hypothetical face is constructed by connecting some predefined facial feature points to create a net so that each facet of the net is represented by a Coon’s surface. Deformation of the face model is control...

In this paper, a new stage structured prey-predator model with linear functional response is proposed and studied. The stages for prey have been considered. The proposed mathematical model consists of three nonlinear ordinary differential equations to describe the interaction among juvenile prey, adult prey and predator populations. The model is analyzed by using linear stability analysis to ob...

The solution of a stochastic control problem depends on the underlying model. The actual real world model may not be known precisely and so one solves the problem for a hypothetical model, that is in general different but close to the real one; the optimal (or nearly optimal) control of the hypothetical model is then used as solution for the real problem. In this paper we assume that, what is n...