Activation of the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) improves functional recovery in models of experimental stroke and is known to modulate microglia function. The present study was conducted to investigate if Sig-1R activation after experimental stroke affects mediators of the inflammatory response in the ischemic hemisphere. Male Wistar rats were subjected to transient occlusion of the middle cerebral...

PURPOSE To evaluate whether anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) neutralizing antibodies injected in the vitreous of rat eyes influence retinal microglia and macrophage activation. To dissociate the effect of anti-VEGF on microglia and macrophages subsequent to its antiangiogenic effect, we chose a model of acute intraocular inflammation. METHODS Lewis rats were challenged with syst...


 Purpose: To investigate the effect of miR-339 on neuropathic pain.
 Methods: A rat pain model was established through chronic constriction injury (CCI). Expression in spinal cord determined 14 days later. Microglial inflammatory response evaluated using immunofluorescence analysis ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), while IL-6 and TNF-α were assessed by enzyme-linked ...

Neuroinflammation is found both in the brain of humans suffering from Parkinson’s disease and in animal models of disease. It is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, in order to study the effects of antioxidants on neuroinflammation, microglial phenotypes were evaluated in rats fed with diets containing bilberries, blueberries, or crowberries at 1 a...

The inflammatory hypothesis of depression is one of the main theories that endeavors to explain and describe the underlying biological mechanisms of depression and suicide. While mounting evidence indicates altered peripheral and central inflammatory profiles in depressed patients and suicide completers, little is known about how peripheral and central inflammation might be linked in these cont...

OBJECTIVE Vessels in brain arteriovenous malformations are prone to rupture. The underlying pathogenesis is not clear. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 patients with activin receptor-like kinase 1 (Alk1) mutation have a higher incidence of brain arteriovenous malformation than the general population. We tested the hypothesis that vascular endothelial growth factor impairs vascular i...

Abstract Aim Neuroinflammation is a secondary injury mechanism that contributes to significant mortality and morbidity with severe traumatic brain (TBI). This study aimed evaluate the temporal neuroinflammatory pattern of ionised calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) transmembrane Protein 119 (TMEM119) microglia marker proteins in urine TBI patients for 7 days post-injury. Method Urine samp...

Recent evidence suggests that transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) expressed in immune cells plays an important role in immune and inflammatory responses. We recently reported that TRPM2 expressed in macrophages and spinal microglia contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neuropathic pain aggravating peripheral and central pronociceptive inflammatory responses in mice. ...