In patients with hemophilia A and inhibitory alloantibodies against factor VIII, various dosage schedules are used to obtain immune tolerance. In this study, we have evaluated the results of 13 years of low-dose immune tolerance induction and factors that are predictive of a positive result. The effect of immune tolerance induction in relation to age at inhibitor development, number of exposure...

The immune system is continuously exposed to great amounts of different antigens from both food and intestinal microbes. Immune tolerance to these antigens is very important for intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis. Oral tolerance is a specific type of peripheral tolerance induced by exposure to antigen via the oral route. Investigations on the role of intestinal immune system in preventi...

Background and aims: IL-22 is an alpha- helical cytokine. IL-22 binds to a heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of IL-10R2 and IL-22R1subunits. IL-22R is expressed on tissue cells, and it is absent on immune cells. L-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction to selectively initiate and regulate immune responses. The aim of this study was to i...

2015 The development of inhibitors is the main complication of hemophilia therapy. Inhibitors occur in 25–30% and in 2–5% of patients with severe hemophilia A and B, respectively. They render treatment and prevention of bleeds difficult. The only known therapeutic strategy able to eliminate inhibitors is immune tolerance induction (ITI) that consists in regular high-dose FVIII/FIX infusions. IT...