Public subsidy of transit services has increased dramatically in recent years, with little effect on overall ridership. Quite obviously, a clear understanding of the factors influencing transit ridership is central to decisions on investments in and the pricing and deployment of transit services. Yet the literature about the causes of transit use is quite spotty; most previous aggregate analyse...

This document is the addendum to the paper TAD/TC/WP(2012)24 and provides findings on transit trade indicators. JT03331822 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, cit...

Upcoming broadband commercial and scientific applications are now demanding high bandwidth pipes across multiple domains with guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS). Recent research initiatives such as the Path Computation Element (PCE) framework are focusing on the development of scalable multidomain QoS provisioning frameworks, especially within the emerging carrier grade transport technologies ...

Naïve T cells continually recirculate between blood and secondary lymphoid organs, scanning dendritic cells (DC) for foreign antigen. Despite its importance for understanding how adaptive immune responses are efficiently initiated from rare precursors, a detailed quantitative analysis of this fundamental process has not been reported. Here we measure lymph node (LN) entry, transit, and exit rat...

Dynamic traffic demand has been a longstanding challenge for the conventional transit system design and operation. The recent development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) makes it increasingly realistic to develop next generation transportation systems with potential improve operational performance flexibility. In this study, we propose an innovative modular buses (AMBs) that is adaptive dynamic de...

This paper presents the development of a novel framework that optimizes the evacuation of large cities using multiple modes including vehicular traffic, rapid transit, and mass transit shuttle buses. A large-scale evacuation model is developed for the evacuation of the City of Toronto in cases of emergency. A demand estimation model is first designed to accurately quantify the evacuation demand...

Local bus network is the most popular transit mode and the only available transit mode in the majority of cities of the world. Increasing the utility of this mode which increases its share from urban trips is an important goal for city planners. Timetable setting as the second component of bus network design problem (network route design timetable setting vehicle assignment crew assignment) hav...

Real-time traffic signal control has long been a critical way to improve congestion. Transit Signal Priority (TSP) is seen as cost-effective reduce travel time variability. Most of the previous studies develop real-time systems on vehicle basis, which unable efficiently provide preferential treatment transit vehicles. Person-based systems, transform delay computation units from passenger, have ...

Migration has become an integral part of modern life. Due to political, socio-economic, environmental factors, migration flows are increasing every year. One the key areas research remains issues adaptation and integration migrants, since nature migrants depends on social development well-being both themselves host society. The purpose this article is study features adaptive strategies foreign ...

BACKGROUND Disorders of gastrointestinal (GI) transit and motility are common, and cause either delayed or accelerated transit through the stomach, small intestine or colon, and affect one or more regions. Assessment of regional and/or whole gut transit times can provide direct measurements and diagnostic information to explain the cause of symptoms, and plan therapy. PURPOSE Recently, severa...