Cotton is a strategic crop with a critical role in the economy and agriculture. The increasing price of crop inputs is the main challenge for the developing countries, including Iran, so that it is crucial for the economy of the states to recognize the underpinning factors. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the relationship between price shocks of cotton production inputs and cot...

the lack of a structured anticipating about high usage product of the national petrochemical company, has forced this company to buy forecasted price from foreign countries. prevent the outflow of foreign exchange and tolerance of political factors such as sanctions in this field requires a forecast of prices in our country. due to the chain-like nature of the petrochemical products, and the ab...

This paper studies the effect of differences in the rate of technological progress between sectors on the relative sizes of those sectors in terms of revenues. There are two sectors: a stagnant sector, where productivity does not change over time, and a progressive sector, where costs decrease over time due to exogenous technological progress. We consider a conjectural variation approach to com...

Residential demand for electricity is estimated for China using a unique household level dataset. Household electricity demand is specified as a function of local electricity price, household income, and a number of social-economic variables at household level. We find that the residential demand for electricity responds rather sensitively to its own price in China, which implies that there is ...

With few exceptions all paradigm changing contributions in the social sciences fall victim to multiple interpretations. These often dilute and obscure what made the contribution intellectually innovative. This is notably the case for Keynes and especially The General Theory. I argue that the core of Keynes's "game changing" contribution was the analytical insight that market economies are deman...

Service Providers (SPs), which offer services based on elastic reservations with a guaranteed Grade of Service (GoS), should know how to price these services and how to quantify the benefits in different scenarios. This paper analyzes a method for evaluating the price of a service based on elastic reservations with a guaranteed Grade of Service. The method works as follows: First, the SP determ...