Neural inspiratory time (TI) is a measurement of fundamental importance in studies of patient-ventilator interaction. The measurement is usually based on recordings of flow, esophageal pressure (Pes), and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), but the concordance of such estimates of neural TI with a more direct measurement of neural activity has not been systematically evaluated. To address this i...

Although surface diffusion is critical for many physical and chemical processes, including the epitaxial growth of crystals heterogeneous catalysis, it particularly challenging to directly study. Here, we estimate carbon adatom migration barrier on freestanding monolayer graphene by quantifying its temperature-dependent electron knock-on damage. Due fast healing vacancies diffusing adatoms, dam...