the present study was conducted to compare the effect of individual and group pre-task planning on efl learners’ accuracy and complexity in speaking. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 60 intermediate female learners at the first grade of high school were chosen by means of a sample preliminary english test (pet) and randomly divided into two experimental groups of 30 students; the individual...

We present an approach to using a morphological analyzer for tokenizing and morphologically tagging (including partof-speech tagging) Arabic words in one process. We learn classifiers for individual morphological features, as well as ways of using these classifiers to choose among entries from the output of the analyzer. We obtain accuracy rates on all tasks in the

Open innovation (OI) projects comprise various steps from the generation of ideas and their development to the market launch of a product (or service). Each step of the innovation process consists of tasks whose execution results in particular outputs. Following the paradigm shift towards OI, organizations increasingly allow external stakeholders to contribute during these steps by taking over ...