This paper presents a new model, MUSCLE (Multidirectional Scanning for Line Extraction), for automatic vectorization of raster images with straight lines. The algorithm of the model implements the line thinning and the simple neighborhood methods to perform vectorization. The model allows users to define specified criteria which are crucial for acquiring the vectorization process. In this model...

background: participation is an important component in a child’s growth, which is not just affected by child's functional abilities, skills, interests and family culture; but also affected by the physical, social and institutional environment. hearing and visual impairment in children may cause growth delay including cognitive, mobility and communication skills. the aim of this study was to com...

This paper describes an alternative view of the internationalization process in higher education by comparing the traditional and non-traditional indicators on how the level of internationalization is measured; additionally, barriers that exist on both sides are reviewed and discussed. As higher education institutions are very accustomed to and focused on the number of international students, i...

This research studies organizational and structural barriers in women's participation in the administrative structure of Iran emphasizing on women working in private sector in district 6 of Tehran and hypotheses have been propounded among structural, organizational and cultural factors and women's participation and research method in this research is based on survey method and in this order qua...

the development of effective organizations for service provision and responding to the demands of the citizens in a rapid, easy and suitable fashion has been considered by officials of the public sector in recent years in many countries worldwide. the realization of the importance, application and also the role that itc can play toward promotion of accountability in the public sector, has cause...