The study aims to estimate an international reserves demand model for China using economic growth, propensity to import, real effective exchange rate and trade openness variables for quarterly period spanning from 1985Q1 to 2014Q4.The bounds testing technique to cointegration is used to test for a long run relationship, while the autoregressive distributed lag approach is used to estimate short...

Background This article looks at the long-term, structural determinants of environmental and public health performance in the world system.   Methods In multiple standard ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models, we tested the effects of 26 standard predictor variables, including the ‘four freedoms’ of goods, capital, labour and services, on the following indicators of sustainable develop...

at present, new tendencies in international commercial arbitration try to delocalize and gives more independence to arbitration, from national laws. the ultimate degree of this independency is demonstrated in lex mercatoria theory. in recent years this theory has been gone beyond the frontiers of pure theory and entered into the national laws of some countries such as netherlands, france and in...

at current study, the relationship between transnational law, globalization and international solidarity has been studied, and talcott parsons's structural functionalism approach has been used as theoretical framework. this study is based on the assumption that: any inconsistency between the legal system and other social systems can result in social anomie. in the next part of the paper, t...

Recent rhetoric surrounding the contemporary aid relationship between donors and African states is couched in terms of a high level consensus between western and African political leaderships, a central pillar of which is adherence to liberal principles of governance and economic management. The paper argues that an analysis of the nature of this consensus and its prospects requires that we nee...