The present literature review is a part of the NNR5 project with the aim of reviewing and updating the scientific basis of the 4th edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) issued in 2004. The main objective of the review is to assess the influence of different intakes of iodine at different life stages (infants, children, adolescents, adults, elderly, and during pregnancy and lacta...

BACKGROUND Iodine sufficiency is particularly necessary throughout pregnancy, given its recognized impact on psychomotor performance of the offspring. There are no recent reports about iodine status or supplementation in Portugal, a country that the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders considered, in 2004, to have probably reached iodine sufficiency. The objective of...

Fluctuations in iodine concentration in food have been suggested as one risk factor for the development of feline hyperthyroidism, an epidemic disease first described in 1979. Three international studies have examined iodine concentrations of commercial cat foods. The iodine concentration of 112 commercial cat foods from across the USA was measured, and the daily iodine intake by hypothetical 4...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of arsenic and bromine exposure with or without iodine and selenium supplementation on the element level in the thyroid of rats. Four major groups of Wistar female rats were fed with respective diets: group A - standard diet, group B - iodine rich diet (10 mg I/kg food), group C - selenium rich diet (1 mg Se/kg) and group D - iodine and seleni...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the evolution of thyroid tests throughout pregnancy and postpartum in healthy women with and without iodine supplementation. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, interventional study of iodine supplementation (150 μg/day) from the first trimester until 3 months postpartum versus controls. 111 pregnant women with normal initial thyroid te...

Iodine is a trace element essential for synthesis of the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine. These hormones play a vital role in the early growth and development stages of most organs, especially the brain. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that, after famine, iodine deficiency is the most avoidable cause of cerebral lesions including different degrees of mental ret...

Knowledge of the effect of differences in iodine intake levels on public health in areas with no endemic goiter is limited. Groups at risk when iodine intake is relatively low are pregnant and lactating women and their newborns. A prospective randomized study was performed to evaluate the effect of iodine supplementation in an area where the median daily iodine excretion in urine is around 50 m...

OBJECTIVE To determine how iodine deficiency and endemic goitre disappeared in Britain. DESIGN Review of surveys of endemic goitre and iodine nutrition. MAIN RESULTS Endemic goitre was widespread in Britain but has declined, most notably since the 1960's. Its disappearance was probably due to changes in farming practice, especially iodine supplementation in dairy herds which has resulted in...

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for thyroid hormone synthesis and thus is essential for the normal progression of pregnancy and for the fetus neuropsychological development. Iodine requirements increase during pregnancy for physiological changes in iodine metabolism (increased renal iodine losses, iodine transfer from maternal circulation to the fetoplacental unit and fetal iodine needs fo...