Iran is a developing country in Middle East which has experienced some political and economical turbulence during the past decades. Government of Iran, after the 1979 Islamic revolution, has devoted considerable resources on national health, including the pharmaceutical sector. As a result, health indicators have improved substantially over the past two decadesnd the availability and affordabil...

in countries that comprise the majority of the world’s population, the demographic transition has now reached its putative endpoint: a state marked by low fertility and low mortality. it is expected that the rest of the world’s countries are headed in the same direction, prompted by modernizing social change and nudged by looming physical constraints. what were the roles of deliberate policies,...

Limits to athletic performance have long been a topic of myth and debate. However, sport performance appears to have reached a state of stagnation in recent years, suggesting that the physical capabilities of humans and other athletic species, such as greyhounds and thoroughbreds, cannot progress indefinitely. Although the ultimate capabilities may be predictable, the exact path for the absolut...

0002-9610/$ see front matter 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.20 To my colleagues in the Midwest Surgical Association, distinguished guests, ladies, and gentlemen: thank you for the honor and privilege of serving as your president for the last year. I must also pay homage to 3 giants in the field of surgical oncology, upon whose shoulders I stand today to make my remarks: Edward F. Scan...

Iran has experienced one of the most successful family planning programs in the developing world, with 64 percent decline in total fertility rate (TFR) between 1986 and 2000. This paper focuses on Iranians’ unique experience with implementation of a national family planning program. Recognition of sensitive moral and ethical aspects of population issues resulted in successful collaboration of t...

BACKGROUND While there has been a considerable amount of research on the association between women’s education and fertility rates, few of these studies have examined the pattern of fertility differentials over the course of the fertility transition. As a country that has experienced a rapid decline in fertility and marked improvements in women’s educational attainment over the last several dec...