We prove NP-hardness results for five of Nintendo’s largest video game franchises: Mario, Donkey Kong, Legend of Zelda, Metroid, and Pokémon. Our results apply to Super Mario Bros. 1, 3, Lost Levels, and Super Mario World; Donkey Kong Country 1–3; all Legend of Zelda games except Zelda II: The Adventure of Link; all Metroid games; and all Pokémon role-playing games. For Mario and Donkey Kong, w...

The green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) is an economically important species among native Iranian Shrimps. Microsatellite loci were developed for population genetic assessment of this species in Iranian waters. A total of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and tested on 40 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 12 with average of 7.38 per locus. Th...

Lappin and Francez (1994) present a theory of donkey anaphora which, they claim, captures both their existential and their universal readings, while maintaining a uniform representation of donkey pronouns. This paper shows that their analysis does not in fact assign the correct truth conditions to donkey sentences and so does not account correctly for the distribution of readings. An alternativ...

Colla corii asini (CCA) is a protein-based traditional Chinese medicine made from donkey skins. Because it has the ability to nourish blood, its demand is increasing rapidly. The shortage of donkey skins increases the risk of the adulteration of CCA products with other animal skins. To ensure the drug efficacy and safety of CCA products, a proteomics technique was applied to reveal proteins in ...

In this study, the use of speech-like pragmatic markers in Iranian EFL students’ academic writing was investigated. Speech-like pragmatic markers, such as I think, well, I guess, actually, anyway, anyhow, etc. are linguistic components that are more specific to conversation than writing, and writers may wrongly include them in their academic writing. To examine the students’ use of speech-like ...

In this study, the use of speech-like pragmatic markers in Iranian EFL students’ academic writing was investigated. Speech-like pragmatic markers, such as I think, well, I guess, actually, anyway, anyhow, etc. are linguistic components that are more specific to conversation than writing, and writers may wrongly include them in their academic writing. To examine the students’ use of speech-like ...

Background: Encounter with drug resistance and replacment natural treatment is essential. From olden of Iran and specially Chaharmahal and bakhtiari Province medicinal smokes such as donkey dung & Peganum harmala seed used for treatment of many diseases like Infectious diseases. Regarded to lake of scientific research about antimicrobial effects of this smoke this study was done with aim of com...