! Gilbert Baker designed the rainbow flag for the 1978 San Francisco's Gay Freedom Celebration. In the original eight-color version, pink stood for sexuality, red for life, orange for healing, yellow for the sun, green for nature, turquoise for art, indigo for harmony and violet for the soul.! First unveiled on 12/5/98 the bisexual pride flag was designed by Michael Page. This rectangular flag ...

the present study aimed to investigate the generic organization of research article introductions in local iranian and international journals in english for specific purposes, english for general purposes, and discourse analysis. overall, 120 published articles were selected from the established journals representing the above subdisciplines. each subdiscipline was represented by 20 local and 2...

Houshang Golshiri is among the Iranian leading creative and imaginative fiction writers who managed to open up new horizons in Iranian fiction. Hence he could be claimed to be an innovative avant-garde short story writer with unique stylistic characteristics. Although inspired by fiction writers such as Alavi, Sadeqi, Golestan and Sa'edi in the techniques of narration, Golshiri nonetheless stan...

social changes and considering people’s needs are seen as the most important issues in the changes of persian poetry in constitutional era. the writers of this article have considered the views of western and iranian critics to study the function of the addressee in the changes of persian poetry in constitutional era. the use of such a study is that the writers have found and analyzed many soci...

better understanding and recognizing the amount of cultural development in iranian provinces and comparing them, causes a particular attention and helps to recognize their weaknesses, strengths, potentialities and deficiencies. the purpose of this paper is to analyze cultural development indicators in iran. the writers of this article present an applied research and use a comparative method. us...

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the patient’s story, and enjoy the interaction with patients and families. They are also part of the full gamut of life experiences and events, often in dramatic fashion. Smithers noted that “opportunities for the close observation of the great variety of men and women under conditions of stress, suffering, relief and bereavement has been theirs; indeed they have seen more of the triumph of the...

the existence of passive makers in kurdish language, similar to that of ancient iranian languages can be very helpful in linguistic studies, language change and finding the nature of passive structures in modern iranian languages such as persian. the writers of this article have found a passive maker in kurdish language and its dialects such as sorani, ardalani, kalhori, ilami and horami that l...

Metadiscourse markers help writers make coherent and reader- friendly texts, thus of considerable importance in academic writing. The main aim of this study was to investigate how interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers are used by Iranian EFL learners. An inquiry was carried out to investigate cross-cultural similarities and differences in the use of metadiscourse markers in the Di...

Disciplinary studies on metadiscourse in academic texts have come a rather long way (since the 1980s) to afford an awareness of the ways authors strive to signal their insights into their materials as well as their audience. However, few comprehensive corpus-based studies to date have provided a starting point for shaping our understanding of subdisciplinary and paradigmatic diversities within ...