0018-9162/06/$20.00 © 2006 IEEE 40 Computer P u b l i s h e d b y t h e I E E E C o m p u t e r S o c i e t y Real engineers use mathematics. Formal methods are the mathematics of software engineering. Therefore, software engineers should use formal methods. Yet even with this elegant simplicity, most projects hold formal methods at arm’s length unless they involve the design and maintenance of...

Recently, in talking to a group of residents about burnout, I asked if they knew anyone in medicine who was happy. Only one of thirty-some aspiring doctors thought that one could find happiness in the practice of medicine. I was saddened for them, and what they saw in their future. I have worked in Physician Health for over 10 years as chair of a physician health committee. At times, I have fel...

We propose ten commandments as practical guidelines for those applying artificial intelligence to provide a concise checklist wide group of stakeholders.

This paper reviews the progress of Islamic banking from both theoretical and practical aspects. It highlights the basic principles on which Islamic banking is based and describes the operational details of Islamic banks. It mentions some of the misgivings with respect to the viability of Islamic banking and evaluates them objectively. It highlights the effects of Islamic banking on savings, inv...

Four options for assigning a meaning to Islamic Logic are surveyed including a new proposal for an option named Real Islamic Logic (RIL). That approach to Islamic Logic should serve modern Islamic objectives in a way comparable to the functionality of Islamic Finance. The prospective role of RIL is analyzed from several perspectives: (i) parallel distributed systems design, (ii) reception by a ...

Islamic banking is currently one of the fastest growing segments of the financial market industry, operating in over 75 countries through 300 institutions. While past literature has established the development of financial institutions as a determinant of economic growth, research on the correlation of the diffusion of Islamic banking with economic growth is limited. This study seeks to add to ...

This article examines the unique risks associated with Islamic financial institutions and the secular state’s reticence to directly regulate their religious dimension. It argues that the state’s method of regulating the Islamic financial industry ignores special reputational risks associated with the religious and cultural distinctiveness of Islamic banks. The Financial Services Authority (FSA)...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the nature and changes of market concentration in the Malaysia’s Islamic banking due to the restructuring of Islamic banking industry within the liberalization wave in the banking market. A total of 17 Islamic banks operating over the period of 2000-2010 had been considered. The structural approach framework was used to evaluate the nature and changes of mar...

The search for esthetic treatment has persisted in the routine of dental professionals. Following this trend, dental patients have sought treatment with the primary aim of improving smile esthetics. The aim of this article is to present a protocol to assess patient's smile: The 10 Commandments of smile esthetics.