Household food security remains a challenge in South Africa. The national government instituted the Integrated Food Security Strategy (IFSS) programme which identifies household agricultural production as an important element of improving household-level food security. Agricultural extension is well positioned to help achieve this aim, but its current contribution is unknown. This study identif...

a signed graph (marked graph) is an ordered pair $s=(g,sigma)$$(s=(g,mu))$, where $g=(v,e)$ is a graph called the underlyinggraph of $s$ and $sigma:erightarrow{+,-}$$(mu:vrightarrow{+,-})$ is a function. for a graph $g$, $v(g),e(g)$ and $c(g)$ denote its vertex set, edge set and cut-vertexset, respectively. the lict graph $l_{c}(g)$ of a graph $g=(v,e)$is defined as the graph having vertex set ...

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