Cerny’s conjecture is a 50 year old conjecture which concerns the combinatoral field of synchronizing automata. In particular, it postulates that the maximal length of the minimal reset word among all n-state automata is (n − 1). We present a proof for Pin’s Theorem, which applies Cerny’s conjecture to p-state automata consisting of a cycle and a nonpermutation, where p ≥ 3 is an odd prime. We ...

Inverse kinematics is a fundamental problem in manipulator robotics: set of joint angles must be calculated so that the robot arm can manipulated to corresponding desired end effector position and orientation (also known as “pose”). Traditional solution techniques include analytical solvers, which provide closed-form expressions for positions functions end-effector pose. When inverse solvers ar...

AbstractDeveloping self-regulated learners has been the life-long ambition of different stakeholders in education. This study was set out to find the relationships between self-regulated strategies as defined by time and resource management, cognitive and metacognitive strategies, achievement goals classified as mastery, performance-approach and performance-avoidance, and the listening ac...

This paper studies dexterous manipulation in the plane by a two-fingered hand in the plane. The dynamics of each finger, which consists of two links with coupled joints, are derived based on Lagrangian mechanics. As an object is being manipulated, its orientation and the two independent joint angles of the hand constitute the state of the entire system. Contact kinematics, accounting for both s...

This paper derives a simple mathematical model relating changes in the orientations of the two Cartesian coordinate systems involved in recording knee movement and the varus-valgus and the internal-external rotation angles for describing the knee's motion. Rotation matrices are given for changing the orientations of the two Cartesian coordinate systems in such a way that the quadratic variation...

The functional method identifies the hip joint centre (HJC) as the centre of rotation of the femur relative to the pelvis during an ad hoc movement normally recorded using stereophotogrammetry. This method may be used for the direct determination of subject-specific HJC coordinates or for creating a database from which regression equations may be derived that allow for the prediction of those c...

Human arm viscoelasticity is important in stabilizing posture, movement, and in interacting with objects. Viscoelastic spatial characteristics are usually indexed by the size, shape, and orientation of a hand stiffness ellipse. It is well known that arm posture is a dominant factor in determining the properties of the stiffness ellipse. However, it is still unclear how much joint stiffness can ...