extended abstract 1. introduction in arabic, words or letters that are considered to be jazm particles affecting a present tense are divided into two general categories: jazm particles affecting a single verb and those affecting two verbs. abbas hassan introduces particles such as iza, kayfa, lou, etc., which bear a conditional connotation, as a third factor for occurrence of jazm (al-nahv al-w...

Starting from spontaneous speech data of the Kiel Corpus, reduction patterns of function words are described, which also incorporate more global articulator-y prosodies, such as nasality, labiality and glottalization. The results of 4 perceptual experiments support the hypothesis that these long components of speech production are mapped onto perception. The discussion is also a contribution to...

1. introduction one of the genres of lyrical literature that has attracted the attention of many poets. it is in fact, a poem often written in couplet-poem format in motaghareb meter which the poet addresses the tapster and expresses his ideas about issues such as the instability of the world and time, reprimanding sanctimonious ascetics, hypocrisy of the people, inviting to debauchery and expr...

introduction in a series of written texts surviving from the pre-islamic religion, apocalyptic literature has the vital role that deals with the matter of intuition and dreams that some qualified people experienced and also retold them. this revelation is universal and popular with most religions and ethnic groups. since the awareness of metaphysical issues and predicting future events and dist...

abstract this article intends to study the phenomenon of diglossia in the formal and informal domain and also the study of age, gender, level of education and job on the application of the two languages of persian and turkish in ardabil city. the research is a descriptive-survey from the viewpoint of methodology. 400 research statistical sample people were selected out of the statistical popula...