a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: L13 L2 L93 Keywords: Short-haul routes Long-haul routes Flight frequency Distance This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between frequency of scheduled transportation services and their substitutability with personal transportation (using distance as a proxy). We study the interaction between a monopoly firm providi...

The similarity of the absorption spectra of gamma-ray burst (GRB) sources or afterglows with the absorption spectra of quasars (QSOs) suggests that QSOs and GRB sources are very closely related. Since most people believe that the redshifts of QSOs are of cosmological origin, it is natural to assume that GRBs or their afterglows also have cosmological redshifts. For some years a few of us have a...

The United States population of Steller sea lions (SSL), Eumetopias jubatus, is classified as ''threatened'' under the Endangered Species Act" because of a recent 73% decline in numbers. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has recommended that the US population of SSL be divided into two stocks, with an east-west division at 144 west longitude, based largely on genetic evidence. Since 1992...

We report high spectral-resolution measurements of the 2.223 MeV neutron capture-line obtained with the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager from the 2002 July 23 solar flare. The time history of this line is affected by both the photospheric He abundance and the angular distribution of the interacting flare-accelerated particles producing the neutrons. The measured time history is co...

Line-active molecules (‘‘linactants’’) that bind to the boundary interface between different fluid lipid domains in membranes have a strong potential as regulators of the lateral heterogeneity that is important for many biological processes. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations in combination with a coarse-grain model that retains near-atomic resolution to identify lipid species that can...

In a laboratory study inter-Rydberg transitions originating from the lowest rotational levels of the C P v 5 5 and v 5 6 states of molecular hydrogen are found to coincide with frequency positions and widths of diffuse interstellar bands. It is the first time that diffuse interstellar bands are assigned to transitions measured in gas-phase molecules that are known to exist in interstellar space...