This paper investigates the determinants and competitive effects of legacy carriers’ vertical integration decision with independent regional airlines. Legacy carriers allocate a larger share of their operations to an independent regional airline partner compared to their own fleet or a wholly owned regional airline on routes experiencing stronger competition. Moreover, legacy carriers’ airfares...

This paper investigates the determinants and competitive effects of legacy carriers’ outsourcing decision with independent regional airlines. Legacy carriers allocate a larger share of their operations to an independent regional airline partner compared to their own fleet or a wholly owned regional airline on routes that experience stronger competition, particularly from lowcost carriers. Moreo...

This paper conducts an empirical analysis of the relationship between privatization and regulation drawing on data from a wide sample of European airports. We find that privatization promotes a shift from basic regulation to a situation of more detailed or non-regulation, depending on the specific characteristics of the privatization process and on the type of airport being privatized. Moreover...

A legislative change in takeoff and landing restrictions at LaGuardia Airport provides an opportunity to study the effect of an exogenous shock to product quality on prices in the airline industry. I test how the price response varies with the degree of competition in the market. I find that prices fall by $1.42 on average for each additional minute of flight delay, and that the price response ...

This paper has a twofold objective. First, we develop a new method to assess the monetary value for individuals of external effects. The method makes use of an ordinal index of life satisfaction as scored by individual respondents who are subjected in varying intensity to the external effect. Our second objective is to assess, with this method, to what extent noise nuisance effects around Amste...

Creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera ) is a desirable turfgrass putting green species that susceptible to drought stress. Planting drought-resistant creeping will enhance the resilience of golf turf surfaces, lower required resource inputs, and reduce environmental impact courses. cultivar performance data during stress are needed for informed selection appropriate cultivars. We evaluated ...

Rhesus monkeys were trained to criterion on a two-stimulus and a fivestimulus pattern discrimination task. The probabilities of response to the various stimuli throughout learning are examined for individual subjects, and it is fOlL'1d that the subjects exhibit consistency in the order and manner in which incorrect stimuli are eliminated. This suggests a simple mathematical description of the p...

Contracts within governance classes, e.g. alliances or supply chain contracts, display a great degree of variation in contractual design. Different propositions have been advanced on the influence of repeated interactions on contractual complexity. In this paper, we explore the alignment between provisions in functional classes and the underlying transaction attributes. The transaction cost imp...