foam injection is becoming a standard conditioning agent when tunnelling with an earth-pressure balanced shield, resulting in an increasing interest in this technique. the technique is mostly based on empirical rules and experience. to be able to determine what foam and how may foam has to be injected for different soils, it is necessary to know the mechanical parameters of the foam-water-soil ...

This paper presents the effect of geogrid tensile strength by calculating pullout resistance and geogrid-soil interaction mechanism. In order to investigate this interface, a series of pullout tests have been conducted by large scale reformed direct shear test apparatus in both cohesive and granular soils. In numerical, finite difference software FLAC3D has been carried out on experimental test...

 In pavement design, the CBR and direct shear tests are two very common laboratory investigations for predicting the strength of a subgrade layer. The relationship between the CBR and water content has been commonly presented in analyses, with the result of the direct shear being expressed from the aspect of effective cohesion and the internal friction angle. Even though most natural soil is in...

Recent failure information from research teams in NASA Langley and others has shown that CTOA based fracture models calibrated on large C(T) and M(T) specimens can be transferred successfully to cracked aircraft fuselage structures for the assessment of their residual strength. A major difficulty that could limit the more extensive use of this failure parameter is its experimental measurement e...