The effect of zirconium (Zr) on the humoral immune response was studied by measuring the level of IgM-plaque forming cells (IgM-PFC) against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the spleen of C57 BL mice intraperitoneally injected with zirconium oxychloride. Two experiments, a single injection of zirconium oxychloride of 1/5, 1/10, 1/50, and 1/100 of the LD50 for intraperitoneal injection and contin...

Dihydrofluorouracil (FUH2), the initial catabolite of 5-fluorouracil (FUra), was examined to determine whether this derivative had antitumor activity or host cell (bone marrow) toxicity. Studies were undertaken with Ehrlich ascites tumor and bone marrow cells isolated from CF-1 mice. Cells were exposed for 1 h either to no drug (control) or to varying concentrations, ranging from 1 to 250 micro...

Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, remains incurable despite the development of new therapies. Curcumin anti-tumor effects were previously characterized in multiple myeloma, however only few MM cell lines were included in these studies. Since myeloma is a heterogeneous disease it is important to address the impact of myeloma molecular heterogeneity in curcumin cell death induction...

In a study of the clinicopathologic syndrome of toxicity to phenacetin at the range of the acute, oral LD50j Boyd in 1959 (1) used adult female rats and reported the LD50±SE to be 1.65±0.35 g/kg body weight. In 1968, Boyd and Hottenroth (2) studied the toxicity of phenacetin at the range of the oral LD50 (100 days) and reported the acute oral LD50 ±SE in young male albino rats to be 4.14±0.71 g...

In the present study, Heterometrus fastigiousus venom (HFV) was employed as antigen to produce species-specific scorpion antivenom (SAV) in albino mice (NIH) strain. To determine SAV efficacy, it was pre-incubated with 10 LD50 of HFV and then injected subcutaneously into mice. Subsequently, mortality was observed after 24 hours. Minimum effective dose (MED) was 12.5 LD50 of HFV/mL of SAV. SAV e...

The relative toxicities of 8 repellents (DMP, Rutgers 612, DEET, IR3535, Picardin, PMD, AI3-35765, and AI3-37220) were evaluated by topical application against females of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and An. albimanus. Based on 24-h LD50 values, the most toxic repellent against all 4 mosquito species was AI3-37220, with values of 0.25, 0.20, 0.16, and 0.11 m...

Plants are the natural factories for the synthesis of variety of bioactive compounds. This diverse chemical setup of the plants speaks their important role as biomedicine. These biomolecules are often toxic to both plants and animals. The methanolic extract of Calendula arvensis was screened for its toxic potential against Lemna minor, Artimia salina (Brine shrimps) larvae and some important gr...

In this paper, a new simple method is presented for the estimation of the toxicity of nitroaromatic compounds including some well-known explosives. This method can predict the 50% lethal dose concentration for rats (LD50) as the estimation of toxicity in vivo. The prediction of LD50 of nitroaromatics through a new general correlation is based on the number of alkyl and nitro groups per molecula...