among state`s duties are constructing roads, water pipelines and the likes. in order to do these the state sometimes has to utilize private owners` lands. this research, we seek to investigate this questions that is there any possibility of liability for usurpation for state if these formalities are not be observed? some researchers have questioned the possibility of this liability. in this res...

CONTEXT Physicians need to consider medical-legal issues when volunteering their time to assist with community mass-participation and athletic events. This article also reviews medical-legal aspects of the volunteer physician's out-of-state practice. Seven cases illustrate the importance of expertise and planning to avoid legal issues for the volunteer event physician. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Re...

the current paper aims to examine the liability observed in sphere of presentation of goods and services with the infraction of special codes and regulations related to advertising or general codes or regulations of liability with contractual or non-contractual basis. specifically, there are not any mentions about all kinds of these liabilities in the rules of iran. the current research, which ...

the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil fascilitated holding directors liable for corporate debt. nevertheless, the doctrine is not a seperate cause of action. directors are bound by fiduciary duty, duty of loyalty and duty of care and skill to the corporation and its shareholders. however, there is not such a contractual relationship between directors and creditors. thus, requiring directo...

the acts of the state in administrative law, according the criterion of the method, are divided into act of authority and act of management. this division is used in the different areas of administrative law such as the determination of the competent judge, the rules of civil liability of the state, etc... in the system of administrative law of iran, the criterion of the act of authority is use...

BACKGROUND The rapidity of technological change in genetics is not always matched by the uptake of this new knowledge into practice. Increasing genetic knowledge has already led to legal liability for those who have not used it properly, such as not informing patients or their families of potential genetic risk. A similar outcome is also of concern in the case of risk prediction models used for...

The existence of a theoretical market solution to the problem of externalities has been generally accepted since the seminal contribution of Coase. 1 In the absence of transaction costs, the potential for bargaining between concerned parties has the effect of internalizing any externality. The burden of legal liability for external effects does not therefore affect the attainment of Pareto effi...

In an increasingly litigious society where ritual demands for accountability and "taking responsibility" are now commonplace, it is not surprising that members of clinical ethics committees (CECs) are becoming more aware of their potential legal liability. Yet the vulnerability of committee members to legal action is difficult to assess with any certainty. This is because the CECs which have be...