sometimes, following of islamic law, there is a liability of paternal relatives, relatives and public treasury that some of the jurists say that this liability is a against of personal liability and therefore they oppose or limit this liability. but the analysis of this liability shows that this liability is a tort. in the other hand, in some of the countries the vicarious liability is a princi...

legal persons can also be responsible for compensation. they can also be reponsable for others acts. these legal persons are responsible for their own actions and responsibilities of employees and workers in the article 1384 of french law and iran's article 12 of civil liability (the responsibility of employee acts).this responsibility is not a new discussion. but in the books it can be se...

based on a general rule in civil liability, external causes limits or excludes the liability of defendant. however, the question is that whether it is possible to applied the general rule when there are compulsory liability insurances? this paper is intended to study the subject-matter regarding traffic accidents (as one of the anticipated cases of compulsory insurances) in iranian and french l...

nowadays the environmental civil liability regime has wake fundaments. this article attempts to analysis the new evolutions in the fundaments of environmental civil liability theories in islamic jurisprudence and environmental law .so this paper is divided in tow sections and one introduction. part i study contemporary legal approaches in environmental civil liability and part ii explain and de...

the destruction of profit and its consequent liability has a crucial role in regulating legal and social relations. in contracts, like hire, sale and sharecropping and also in extra contractual liability such as destroying, usurpation and receiving, lawyers and jurists have partially argued about the subject and have tried to offer a legal and jurisprudent interpretation, in order to compensate...

civil liability in electronic communications is one the most important issues of information and communications technology (ict) law. civil liability may be arisen from different causes such as copyright and trade mark infringement invasion of privacy and defamation. when discussing civil liability, two different civil liability systems may be considered: direct and indirect civil liability. in...