I discuss the symmetry of fullerenes, viruses and geodesic domes within a unified framework of icosadeltahedral representation of these objects. The icosadeltahedral symmetry is explained in details by examination of all of these structures. Using Euler’s theorem on polyhedra, it is shown how to calculate the number of vertices, edges, and faces in domes, and number of atoms, bonds and pentagon...

The dome is a vital element and prominent building feature in Islamic Architecture. This paper analyzes the geometrical philosophical approach to transition of two types domes, i.e., square octagonal base domes. timeline region selected for work are from 1420s 1630s Indian subcontinent. During period, it covers three dynasties: Sayyid Dynasty, Lodi Mughal their change toward shapes domes accord...

mosque architecture is considered as a potent visual symbol of the islamic architects’ design ability. prayer-hall as the manifestation of equality between the believers and the unity of architectural space has challenged such an ability throughout the history. this study, considering the characteristics of light-openings in the domes of iranian mosques’ prayer-hall, aims to investigate these d...

The replacement of glucose by galactose in the culture medium resulted in partial structural and functional enterocytic differentiation of HT29 cells. In order to characterize populations of homogeneously differentiated HT29 cells we have selected two clonal cell lines HT29-D4 and HT29-D9 with the following functional and structural characteristics when grown in a galactose-containing medium: t...

A mathematical programming problem is proposed for form-finding of cable domes. The optimality conditions of the problem are derived to guarantee that the optimal solution coincides with the self-equilibrium configuration of the cable dome with specified member axial forces. The number of independent axial forces is investigated under the geometrical constraints as well as equilibrium condition...

Movement in echinoderms is facilitated by the coordinated activity of thousands of individually addressable and reversibly adhesive tube feet. To investigate the potential applicability of these unique biological actuators as a locomotory structure for robotics applications, we describe here the design, fabrication, and evaluation of an elastomeric structural analogue. The synthetic tube feet w...